Rural Carnival in the Catalan-Speaking Countries: the Survival of Early Popular Drama

Scholars have treated Carnival very differently. On the one hand, it has been opposed to Lent in a duality between the time of gastronomic and sexual licentiousness and the time of fasting as a preparation for Easter and the commemoration of Christ's Passion and Death. On the other hand, Carnival has united a number of celebrations that reach a wider period than the one between winter solstice and Easter. In this study, based on an accurate interpretation of different feasts indubitably belonging to rituals identified with the cycle of CarnivaI, I will occupy myself with the latter approach. This chapter analyzes Carnival in the Catalan-speaking countries, areas politically belonging to Spain yet retaining their own cultural forms different from the so-called Spanish culture. Language is a basic part of this culture. In this sense, people from the area studied here express themselves mainly in Catalan as they are of Catalan origin. The lands of the Principality of Catalonia, the Valencian country, the Balearic Islands, and Northern Catalonia cover a politically divided area in which two different centralist states, France and Spain, foster their various ways of disorganizing the Catalan-speaking areas.


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